To measure the pH of different samples in the laboratory.
Ø Experiment 1
To measure the pH of different
samples in the laboratory.
Ø Theory
The pH scale is a measure of the
hydrogen ion concentration. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. pH symbol rooted
in the French "pouvoir
hydrogene" (power of hydrogen).It measures the
acidity or basicity of a solution. A pH of 7 means it is a neutral solution.
Pure water has a pH of 7. A pH of less than 7 means the solution is acidic. A
pH of more than 7 means the solution is basic. The less pH, the more acidic the
solution is. The more pH, the more basic the solution is.
pH stands for the power of H, or the amount of H+ ions acids or bases take or contribute in solution. pH equals the negative log of the concentration of H+.
pH stands for the power of H, or the amount of H+ ions acids or bases take or contribute in solution. pH equals the negative log of the concentration of H+.
pH
= -log[H+]
Ø Utilization
The value of pH
is utilized for the following processes,
§
Water treatment
§
Wastewater treatment
§
Stream analysis
§
Solid waste composting
§
Acid rain analysis
§
General environmental parameters
Ø Apparatus
Samples, pH papers, glass jar, pH
meter.
Ø Procedure
§
Wear the protective gloves in your hands.
§
Take the samples to be tested in the beakers
from the jars.
§
Take the standard pH papers either yellow or
colored.
§
Dip the papers in the samples taken out for
testing.
§
Note the change in color of the paper.
§
Compare it with standard color scale as given.
§
Note down the reading of pH in the table.
§
Set the pH meter.
§
Dip the knob sensor in the samples.
§
Note the value o pH on the meter.
Ø Precautions
§
Keep a distance between the samples and the
hands to avoid any contact with the sample as it may be dangerous.
§
Always use gloves while testing.
§
Match the color carefully.
§
In case of any controversy repeat the
experiment.
Ø Observations &
calculations
|
serial no.
|
sample no.
|
pH
|
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
2
|
2
|
3
|
|
3
|
3
|
12
|
Ø Remarks
§
No safety measures were observed.
§
The Ph meter was not working properly.
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